Here at Lake of the Ozarks in central Missouri we used to see the lake freeze almost all the way across where we live (1 mile+). Lately though, it's mostly just near the shore, but it can still get thick enough around the dock to cause some issues when the ice goes out.
I use a 1/2 horsepower dock deicer from Kasco (
http://www.kasco-marine.com). It's got a thermostat and timer on the controller. The thermostat isn't that accurate. I set mine on about 25 degrees and just pull out all the little pegs so the deicer is running any time it sees the temp I set it to and it keeps the ice away from the entire dock which is approximately 34' deep X 45' wide including the two wells.
We do not get ice like you do in Michigan, but Kasco shows a video of some cold place that is kept ice free for a pretty wide circumference.
Unit is not cheap, about $400 with the controller, and then there's the juice to run it. From my standpoint, which is a dock way to big to take out of the water, beside which it's on flotation devices, this is a much cheaper way.